Correlation Analysis of the Lung Volume Reduction and the Lung Function Loss after the Thoracoscopic Lobectomy / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#To investigate the correlation between the reduction of lung volume and the degree of lung function damage after lobectomy.@*METHODS@#A total of 131 patients (72 males and 59 females) who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University from January 2019 to July 2020 (including thoracoscopic resection of left upper lobe, left lower lobe, right upper lobe, right middle lobe and right lower lobe). In order to compare the difference between postoperative pulmonary function and preoperative pulmonary function, the pulmonary function measurements were recorded at 7 days before operation, and 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after operation. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was used as the main evaluation parameter of pulmonary function. The original lung volume and the remaining lung volume at each stage were calculated by Mimics Research 19.0 software. The correlation between lung volume and lung function was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#FEV1 in postoperative patients was lower than that before operation, and the degree of decline was positively correlated with the resection volume of lung lobes (the maximum value was shown in the left lower lobe group). Significantly, there was no significant difference in the degree of pulmonary function reduction between 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after operation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The decrease of lung tissue volume after lobectomy is the main reason for the decrease of lung function, especially in the left lower lobe. And 3 months after lobectomy can be selected as the evaluation node of residual lung function.

Variation of Main Postoperative Symptoms in Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Patients with pulmonary nodules are treated by minimally invasive surgery, and postoperative symptoms have become the main factors affecting patients' emotion and quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the changes of postoperative symptoms in lung cancer patients with pulmonary nodules.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of eighty-eight lung cancer patients admitted to the same medical group of Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from June 2021 to September 2021 were prospectively collected and analyzed. The types and severity of clinical symptoms before operation, on discharge day, 30-day and 90-day after operation were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of postoperative symptoms in lung cancer patients was 79.5%, and most patients suffered from mild (54.3%) and moderate (32.9%) symptoms. The main postoperative symptoms of lung cancer patients were pain (55.7%) and cough (37.2%). The incidence of pain at discharge (55.7%) was significantly higher than that at 30-day (23.7%, P=0.01) and 90-day (12.0%, P=0.01) after discharge. The incidence of cough was significantly higher at 30-day (66.1%) and 90-day (66.0%) than that at discharge (37.2%) (P=0.01, P=0.04).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The main postoperative symptoms of lung cancer patients with pulmonary nodules are pain and cough. The incidence and severity of pain decreases with time, and the incidence of cough increases but the severity decreased gradually.

Manejo quirúrgico del secuestro pulmonar complicado. Reporte de caso / Surgical management of the complicated pulmonary sequestration. A case report

Introducción: el secuestro pulmonar es una patología poco frecuente en la edad adulta, su mayor incidencia es en etapas tempranas de la vida. Se acompaña de infecciones pulmonares a repetición o crónicas severas, y puede asociarse a malformaciones congénitas. El diagnóstico se fundamenta en la detección de la irrigación anómala a través de un vaso de la circulación sistémica. Este caso nos permite plantear un diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes de edad adulta, aún cuando se trate de patología con mayor incidencia en niños y jóvenes, y poder orientar el manejo de acuerdo a esta posibilidad diagnóstica. Caso clínico: paciente femenino, de 19 años, con antecedente de asma e infecciones respiratorias a repetición de un mes de evolución. Ingresa con dificultad respiratoria, fiebre y tos productiva. Se realiza tomografía y Radiografía de tórax, en la que se evidencia imágenes compatibles con colección en campo pulmonar izquierdo y derrame pleural. Se realiza BAAR en esputo con resultado negativo para tuberculosis. Se realiza toracotomía posterolateral izquierda, resección de lóbulo inferior izquierdo, y se coloca dren pleural. Se identifica absceso pulmonar en lóbulo inferior izquierdo, y hallazgos anatómicos de secuestro pulmonar. Paciente presenta evolución favorable; el control clínico y radiográfico en el postoperatorio inmediato y mediato fue satisfactorio. Conclusión: presentamos el caso de edad adulta, donde un diagnóstico adecuado y un manejo multidisciplinario permiten una evolución satisfactoria de los pacientes.(AU)

Introduction: pulmonary sequestration is a rare disease in adulthood; its highest incidence is in early stages of life. It is accompanied by repeated or severe chronic lung infections, and may be associated with congenital malformations. The diagnosis is based on the detection of anomalous irrigation through a vessel of the systemic circulation.This case allows us to propose a differential diagnosis in patients of adulthood, even when it is pathology with higher incidence in children and young people, and guide the management according to this diagnostic possibility.Clinical case: female patient, 19 years old, with a history of asthma and respiratory infections after a month of evolution. The patient was admitted with respiratory distress, fever and productive cough.A tomography and chest X-ray are performed; that show images compatible with collection in the left pulmonary field and pleural effusion. BAAR is performed in sputum with a negative result for tuberculosis.Posterolateral left thoracotomy is performed, left lower lobe resection, and pleural drain is placed. Pulmonary abscess is identified in the left lower lobe, and findings of anatomical pulmonary sequestration. Patient presents positive evolution; The clinical and radiographic control in the immediate and intermediate postoperative period was satisfactory.Conclusion: we present the case of adulthood, where an adequate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management allows a satisfactory evolution of the patient.(AU)

Combined mitral valve replacement and ravitch procedures in a patient with previous pneumonectomy: case report and review of the literature

Abstract Introduction: Significant anatomical and functional changes occur following pneumonectomy. Mediastinal structures displace toward the side of the resected lung, pulmonary reserve is reduced. Owing to these changes, surgical access to heart and great vessels becomes challenging, and there is increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods: We performed a mitral valve replacement combined with a Ravitch procedure in a young female with previous left pneumonectomy and pectus excavatum. Results: She was discharged on postoperative day 9 and remains symptom-free 3 months after surgery. Conclusion: Thorough preoperative evaluation and intensive respiratory physiotherapy are essential before performing cardiac operations on patients with previous pneumonectomy.

Fatal cardiac tamponade that developed in the post-anesthesia care unit: a rare complication after lung lobectomy / Tamponamento cardíaco fatal desencadeado na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica: uma complicação rara após lobectomia pulmonar

Abstract Background and objectives: Cardiac tamponade is potentially fatal medical condition, which rarely occurs as a complication of lung lobectomy. We present the first case of cardiac tamponade to develop in a Post-Anesthesia Care Unit following a lung lobectomy. Case report: A 54-year-old man with pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma underwent an apparently uncomplicated lung lobectomy. His hemodynamics was unremarkable throughout the surgery and initially in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit. However, after 5 min in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit, he suddenly became hypotensive and dyspneic. He responded poorly to inotropics and fluid resuscitation. Transesophageal echocardiography conducted by an anesthesiologist who suspected a cardiac etiology revealed a pericardial effusion compressing the heart. After a failed attempt of pericardiocentesis, an emergency pericardial window operation was performed. The patient improved dramatically once the heart was decompressed. Conclusion: Since cardiac tamponade is generally not suspected as a cause of hemodynamic instability after a lung lobectomy, as it was in this case, a misdiagnosis of the patient's condition may have led to improper management resulting in death. As anesthesiologists are often involved in the initial resuscitation of morbid patients in Post-Anesthesia Care Units, their acquaintance with various postoperative complications and competence in echocardiography for assessing cardiac problems may contribute to patient survival.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O tamponamento cardíaco é uma condição médica potencialmente fatal, cuja ocorrência como uma complicação da lobectomia pulmonar é muito rara. Apresentamos o primeiro caso de tamponamento cardíaco desencadeado na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA) após uma lobectomia pulmonar. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 54 anos, com carcinoma de células escamosas pulmonares, submetido à lobectomia pulmonar aparentemente sem complicações. Sua hemodinâmica não apresentou alteração durante toda a cirurgia e também inicialmente na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica. Porém, após cinco minutos na SRPA, o paciente apresentou hipotensão e dispneia de forma repentina e respondeu mal ao inotrópico e à reanimação hídrica. Uma ecocardiografia transesofágica feita por um anestesiologista que suspeitou de etiologia cardíaca revelou um derrame pericárdico que comprimia o coração. Após tentativa malsucedida de pericardiocentese, foi feita uma janela pericárdica de emergência. O paciente apresentou melhoria dramática com a descompressão do coração. Conclusão: Como o tamponamento cardíaco geralmente não é suspeito como causa de instabilidade hemodinâmica após lobectomia pulmonar, como ocorreu neste caso, um diagnóstico errado da condição do paciente poderia ter levado a um manejo inadequado, que resultaria em morte. Como os anestesiologistas estão frequentemente envolvidos na reanimação inicial de pacientes debilitados em salas de recuperação pós-anestésica, seu conhecimento de várias complicações pós-operatórias e competência na ecocardiografia para avaliar problemas cardíacos podem contribuir para a sobrevivência do paciente.

Abdominal Apoplexy after Pulmonary Lobectomy for Lung Cancer / Apoplejía abdominal tras una lobectomía pulmonar por cáncer de pulmón

ABSTRACT Abdominal apoplexy is a rare clinical entity, and its clinical manifestations are diverse. This case report is of a 52-year-old man who developed right upper abdominal pain with unstable haemodynamics 32 hours after right upper pulmonary lobectomy for lung carcinoma. Abdominal computed tomography showed a ruptured right gastric artery aneurysm.

RESUMEN La apoplejía abdominal es una entidad clínica rara, y sus manifestaciones clínicas son diversas. Este es un reporte de caso de un hombre de 52 años que presentó dolor abdominal superior derecho con hemodinámica inestable, 32 horas después de una lobectomía pulmonar superior derecha por carcinoma del pulmón. La tomografía computarizada abdominal mostró una ruptura de aneurisma de la arteria gástrica derecha.

Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de las colecciones de pus del pulmón / Results of the surgical treatment of lung abscess

Introducción: el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las colecciones de pus del pulmón ha variado a través del tiempo. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de los enfermos en los que fracasó el tratamiento médico. Métodos: estudio descriptivo observacional de 45 enfermos con colecciones de pus del pulmón en los que se realizó algún procedimiento quirúrgico. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino, 82,2 por ciento entre la sexta y séptima década de la vida, todos presentaban factores de riesgo. El absceso pulmonar primario fue el más frecuente, seguido por cáncer de pulmón abscedado, las bullas, bronquiectasia y el absceso por tuberculosis, 91,1 por ciento eran ASA II o III y 8,9 por ciento IV. Predominaron los gérmenes gran negativos. El pulmón derecho fue el más afectado. Las intervenciones más realizadas fueron las resecciones con predominio de la lobectomía. El drenaje percutáneo y la pleurostomía, la supuración por TB fue tratada con drenaje y drogas antituberculosas. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron: infección respiratoria, arritmias e infecciones del sitio quirúrgico, la morbilidad fue inferior al 25 por ciento y la mortalidad 3,8 por ciento. Conclusiones: la selección individual del procedimiento a utilizar -teniendo en cuenta la causa, el estado físico y los factores de riesgo quirúrgico- permiten obtener resultados satisfactorios(AU)

Introduction: diagnosis and treatment of lung abscess has varied throughout the time. Objective: to evaluate the results of the surgical treatment in patients whose medical treatment failed. Methods: observational and descriptive study of 45 patients with lung abscess, who had undergone some type of surgery. Results: males predominated; 82.2 percent aged 60 to 70 years and all presented with risk factors. Primary lung abscess was the most common, followed by abscessed lung cancer, bullas, bronchiectasis and tuberculosis abscess. In the group, 91.1 percent were classified as ASA II or III and 8.9 percent as ASA IV. Gram-negative germs prevailed. Right lung was the most affected one. The most performed surgeries were resections, mainly lobectomy. Percutaneous drainage and pleurostomy; tuberculosis suppuration was treated with drainage and anti-tuberculosis drugs. The commonest complications were respiratory infections, arrhythmias and surgical site infections. The morbidity rate was below 25 percent and the mortality rate was 3.8 percent. Conclusions: taking into account the cause, the physical condition and the surgical risk factors, the individual selection of the procedure to be used allows achieving satisfactory outcomes(AU)

Anatomic pulmonary resection via video-assisted thoracic surgery: analysis of 117 cases at a referral center in Brazil / Ressecções pulmonares anatômicas por cirurgia torácica videoassistida: experiência de 117 casos em um centro de referência no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe our experience with video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for anatomic pulmonary resection at a referral center for thoracic surgery in Brazil. Methods: All patients who underwent anatomic pulmonary resection by VATS between 2010 and 2015 were included. Clinical and pathological data, as well as postoperative complications, were analyzed. Results: A total of 117 pulmonary resections by VATS were performed, of which 98 were lobectomies and 19 were anatomic segmentectomies. The mean age of the patients was 63.6 years (range, 15-86 years). Females predominated (n = 69; 59%). The mean time to chest tube removal was 2.47 days, and the mean length of ICU stay was 1.88 days. The mean length of hospital stay was 4.48 days. Bleeding ≥ 400 mL occurred in 15 patients. Conversion to thoracotomy was required in 4 patients. Conclusions: Our results are similar to those published in major international studies, indicating that VATS is an important strategy for pulmonary resection. They also show that VATS can be safely performed with adequate training. This technique should be used more often for the treatment of lung diseases in Brazil.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar a experiência com cirurgia torácica videoassistida (CTVA) para ressecções pulmonares anatômicas em um centro nacional de referência de cirurgia torácica no Brasil. Métodos: Foram incluídos todos os pacientes tratados com ressecções pulmonares anatômicas por CTVA entre 2010 e 2015 e analisados dados clínicos e patológicos, assim como complicações pós-operatórias. Resultados: Foram realizadas 117 ressecções pulmonares por CTVA, sendo 98 lobectomias e 19 segmentectomias anatômicas. A média de idade foi de 63,6 anos (variação, 15-86 anos), sendo a maioria mulheres (n = 69; 59%). A média de tempo de permanência com dreno foi de 2,47 dias e a de estada em UTI foi de 1,88 dias. A média de tempo de internação foi de 4,48 dias. Sangramento ≥ 400 ml ocorreu em 15 pacientes. Houve conversão para toracotomia em 4 pacientes. Conclusões: Nossos resultados vão ao encontro de publicações em grandes séries internacionais, corroborando que a CTVA é uma importante via de execução de ressecções pulmonares e que pode ser realizada com segurança quando há treinamento adequado, devendo ser mais utilizada no Brasil para o tratamento das doenças pulmonares.

Anatomic pulmonary resection by video-assisted thoracoscopy: the Brazilian experience (VATS Brazil study) / Ressecção pulmonar anatômica por videotoracoscopia: experiência brasileira (VATS Brasil)

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the results of anatomic pulmonary resections performed by video-assisted thoracoscopy in Brazil. Methods: Thoracic surgeons (members of the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery) were invited, via e-mail, to participate in the study. Eighteen surgeons participated in the project by providing us with retrospective databases containing information related to anatomic pulmonary resections performed by video-assisted thoracoscopy. Demographic, surgical, and postoperative data were collected with a standardized instrument, after which they were compiled and analyzed. Results: The surgeons provided data related to a collective total of 786 patients (mean number of resections per surgeon, 43.6). However, 137 patients were excluded because some data were missing. Therefore, the study sample comprised 649 patients. The mean age of the patients was 61.7 years. Of the 649 patients, 295 (45.5%) were male. The majority-521 (89.8%)-had undergone surgery for neoplasia, which was most often classified as stage IA. The median duration of pleural drainage was 3 days, and the median hospital stay was 4 days. Of the 649 procedures evaluated, 598 (91.2%) were lobectomies. Conversion to thoracotomy was necessary in 30 cases (4.6%). Postoperative complications occurred in 124 patients (19.1%), the most common complications being pneumonia, prolonged air leaks, and atelectasis. The 30-day mortality rate was 2.0%, advanced age and diabetes being found to be predictors of mortality. Conclusions: Our analysis of this representative sample of patients undergoing pulmonary resection by video-assisted thoracoscopy in Brazil showed that the procedure is practicable and safe, as well as being comparable to those performed in other countries.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os resultados de ressecções pulmonares anatômicas por videotoracoscopia no Brasil. Métodos: Cirurgiões torácicos (membros da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Torácica) foram convidados, por correio eletrônico, a participar do estudo. Dezoito cirurgiões participaram do projeto enviando seus bancos de dados retrospectivos referentes a ressecções anatômicas de pulmão por videotoracoscopia. Dados demográficos, cirúrgicos e pós-operatórios foram coletados em um instrumento padronizado e posteriormente compilados e analisados. Resultados: Dados referentes a 786 pacientes foram encaminhados (média de 43,6 ressecções por cirurgião), sendo 137 excluídos por informações incompletas. Logo, 649 pacientes constituíram nossa população estudada. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 61,7 anos, 295 eram homens (45,5%), e a maioria - 521 (89,8%) - foi submetida à cirurgia por neoplasia, mais frequentemente classificada como estádio IA. A mediana do tempo de drenagem pleural foi de 3 dias, e a do tempo de internação, 4 dias. Dos 649 procedimentos realizados, 598 (91,2%) foram lobectomias. A taxa de conversão para toracotomia foi de 4,6% (30 casos). Complicações pós-operatórias ocorreram em 124 pacientes (19,1%), sendo pneumonia, escape aéreo prolongado e atelectasia as mais frequentes. A mortalidade em 30 dias foi de 2,0%, tendo como preditores idade avançada e diabetes. Conclusões: A casuística brasileira mostra que as ressecções pulmonares por cirurgia torácica videoassistida são factíveis e seguras, além de comparáveis àquelas de registros internacionais.

Abordaje transesternal transpericárdico para cierre de fístula del muñón bronquial post neumonectomía / Trans-sternal, trans-pericardial approach for closure of post-pneumonectomy bronchial stump de hiscence

La fistula del muñón bronquial es una seria complicación de la neumonectomía, por su complejidad tanto en los cambios anatomofisiológicos que el paciente experimenta, como en la diversidad de recursos para su resolución. El objetivo de este estudio es la presentación de este primer caso en la historia quirúrgica del país de abordaje transesternal, transpericárdico para el cierre de la fístula del muñón bronquial post neumonectomía en el Hospital San Vicente en Guatemala. Método: Se presenta el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino a quien se le realizó neumonectomía derecha por tuberculosis pulmonar y que presentó dehiscencia del muñón bronquial por lo que se procedió a realizar abordaje transesternal transpericárdico para el cierre del muñón bronquial a nivel de la Carina. Resultados: Se da seguimiento a la paciente por 8 años tras los cuales el problema se considera resuelto. Conclusión: la utilización del abordaje transesternal, transpericárdico para el cierre de la fístula del muñón bronquial postneumonectomía permite alcanzar el bronquio en un ambiente no contaminado debiendo considerarse como un procedimiento adecuado para resolver este tipo de complicación.

Background: Bronchial stump fstula is a serious complicaton of pneumonectomy. The aim of this case report is to document the frst surgical patenttreated with trans-sternal, trans-pericardial approach for bronchial stump fstula closing afer pneumonectomy at San Vicente Hospital in Guatemala.Methods: A female patent who underwent right pneumonectomy for pulmonary tuberculosis with postoperatve bronchial stump dehiscence.Trans-sternal trans-pericardial approach was performed for closing the bronchial stump fstula at the carina.Results: Afer 8 years of follow up, the problem in the patent had completely resolved.Conclusion: Trans-pericardial trans-sternal approach for bronchial stump fstula closing allows bronchium access in a non-contaminated space andshould be considered to resolve this kind of complicaton.

Eficácia da sublobectomia comparada à lobectomia no tratamento do câncer de pulmão de não pequenas células em estádios iniciais. Metanálise proporcional de série de casos / Effectiveness of sublobectomy compared to lobectomy for the treatment of lung cancer of non small cell in the early stages. Proportional meta-analysis of case series

A ressecção pulmonar é o tratamento de escolha no carcinoma brônquico, sendo a lobectomia o tipo de cirurgia de eleição nesta situação. A sublobectomia é um tipo de ressecção menos invasiva com maior preservação de parênquima pulmonar e pode ser uma alternativa à lobectomia em estágios iniciais da doença. Na literatura existe apenas um estudo clínico randomizado comparando as duas intervenções, e vários estudos de série de casos. Avaliar a eficácia da sublobectomia como tratamento cirúrgico no câncer de pulmão tipo carcinoma de não-pequenas células em estádios iniciais quando comparada com a lobectomia. Revisão e metanálise proporcional de série de casos em artigos que comparam os resultados da sublobectomia com os da lobectomia no tratamento do carcinoma de pulmão de não-pequenas células. Os estudos foram identificados na base de dados MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase e Lilacs. Referências bibliográficas também foram pesquisadas para encontrar estudos não indexados. A análise estatística foi realizada através do programa StatsDirect 2.7.9. Foram selecionados 21 artigos para essa metanálise, incluindo 19678 pacientes, sendo 17397 submetidos à lobectomia e 2281, à sublobectomia. Não houve diferença estatística na sobrevida em cinco anos entre os dois tipos de ressecção. A mortalidade pós-operatória analisada em 15 estudos também não apresentou diferença significante entre os dois tipos de ressecção. A recorrência local e a distância possíveis de serem avaliadas em nove artigos também não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante, mas uma tendência da recorrência local ser maior na sublobectomia...

Pulmonary resection is the treatment of choice in bronchogenic carcinoma, lobectomy being the type of surgery of choice in this situation, the sublobectomy is a type of resection less invasive with greater preservation of lung parenchyma and can be an alternative to lobectomy for stage initial disease. In the literature there is only one randomized clinical trial comparing the two interventions, and several case series studies. To evaluate the effectiveness of sublobectomy as surgical treatment in non-small cell lung carcinoma in the early stages when compared with lobectomy. A review and meta-analysis proportional of cases series studies comparing the results with those of sublobectomy and lobectomy in the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Studies were identified in MEDLINE, Embase and Lilacs. References were also searched to find studies not indexed. Statistical analysis was performed using the program StatsDirect 2.7.9. 21 articles were selected for this meta-analysis, including 19678 patients, 17397 in lobectomy and 2281 in sublobectomy. There was no statistical difference in five-year survival between the two types of resection. The postoperative mortality analyzed in 15 studies also showed no significant difference between the two types of resection. The local and distant recurrence were able to be evaluated in nine studies showed no statistically significant difference, but a tendency of local recurrence was higher in sublobectomy...

Intra-Aneurysmal Glue Embolisation of a Giant Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysm after Left Upper Lobe Lobectomy: Case Report

We report a case of pseudoaneurysm of the anterior ascending branch of the left pulmonary artery, following a left upper lobectomy for pulmonary aspergillosis, for which we have done an endovascular treatment. This is the first case where complete pseudoaneurysm occlusion was accomplished after a transcatheter intra-aneurysmal N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (glue) injection.

Síndrome postneumonectomía derecha: informe de un caso / Right postpneumonectomy syndrome: Case report

El síndrome postneumonectomía es una entidad poco frecuente en pediatría. Comunicamos un caso secundario a una neumonectomía realizada por un tumor intratorácico. Niño de 4 años con antecedente de exéresis pulmonar derecha y dificultad respiratoria progresiva, con obstrucción extrínseca de la vía aérea por estructuras mediastínicas desplazadas. Hubo intentos frustros de tutorización con dispositivos endoluminales de la vía aérea, e imposibilidad de retiro de la asistencia ventilatoria mecánica. Ante la imposibilidad de reposicionamiento mediastinal, se realiza puente (bypass) aórtico con tubo protésico, con evolución favorable y egreso hospitalario.

Postpneumonectomy syndrome is a rare entity in children. We report a case secondary to pneumonectomy performed due to an intrathoracic tumor. A 4-year-old boy with a history of right pneumonectomy and progressive respiratory distress, with extrinsic airway obstruction due to displaced mediastinal structures. There were failure to intubate the airway with endoluminal devices and impossibility of withdrawing from mechanical ventilation. As mediastinal repositioning was not possible, an aortic bypass with a prosthetic tube graft was performed, with favorable outcome and hospital discharge.

Effect of methylprednisolone on perivascular pulmonary edema, inflammatory infiltrate, VEGF and TGF-beta immunoexpression in the remaining lungs of rats after left pneumonectomy

Pneumonectomy is associated with high rates of morbimortality, with postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema being one of the leading causes. An intrinsic inflammatory process following the operation has been considered in its physiopathology. The use of corticosteroids is related to prevention of this edema, but no experimental data are available to support this hypothesis. We evaluated the effect of methylprednisolone on the remaining lungs of rats submitted to left pneumonectomy concerning edema and inflammatory markers. Forty male Wistar rats weighing 300 g underwent left pneumonectomy and were randomized to receive corticosteroids or not. Methylprednisolone at a dose of 10 mg/kg was given before the surgery. After recovery, the animals were sacrificed at 48 and 72 h, when the pO2/FiO2 ratio was determined. Right lung perivascular edema was measured by the index between perivascular and vascular area and neutrophil density by manual count. Tissue expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry light microscopy. There was perivascular edema formation after 72 h in both groups (P = 0.0031). No difference was observed between operated animals that received corticosteroids and those that did not concerning the pO2/FiO2 ratio, neutrophil density or TGF-β expression. The tissue expression of VEGF was elevated in the animals that received methylprednisolone both 48 and 72 h after surgery (P = 0.0243). Methylprednisolone was unable to enhance gas exchange and avoid an inflammatory infiltrate and TGF-β expression also showed that the inflammatory process was not correlated with pulmonary edema formation. However, the overexpression of VEGF in this group showed that methylprednisolone is related to this elevation.

Late-onset chylothorax after a pneumonectomy for lung cancer: a case report

Chylothorax is a relatively rare complication associated with thoracic surgery. It tends to occur in the early postoperative period. The prevalence ranges from 1 - 2%, and without treatment, the mortality rate is around 50%. Chylothorax after a pulmonary resection is usually diagnosed within three days after surgery. Only a few cases of delayed diagnosis have been reported in literature until now and almost all of them have been reported to occur within 15 days of surgery. Early recognition and prompt treatment are essential. We report a case of delayed onset chylothorax after pneumonectomy with literature review

Cardiac herniation following completion pneumonectomy for bronchiectasis.

Sporadic reports on cardiac herniation are available in the literature; most of them had followed intrapericardial pneumonectomies for malignant pulmonary tumors. We present an uncommon event of heart herniation after a completion pneumonectomy indicated for chronic bronchiectasis. A 35-year-old male patient was operated for left completion pneumonectomy. A 6 cm Χ 4 cm area of adherent pericardium near the obtuse margin of heart was removed during surgery. During head-end elevation of the bed in postoperative intensive care unit, patient got accidentally tilted to the left side, which resulted in ventricular fibrillation. Chest cavity was re-opened for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Left ventricle was found herniating through the pericardial deficiency into the left-thoracic cavity with the cardiac apex touching chest wall. During surgical re-exploration, the pericardial deficiency was closed with a synthetic Dacron patch. Hemodynamic condition remained stable in the immediate postoperative period. Patients had infection of the left thoracic cavity after 5 weeks, for which he was subjected to thoracoplasty and omentopexy. Prompt recognition with timely intervention is life saving from cardiac herniation. Strategy of closing the pericardial defect after pneumonectomy should be followed routinely, irrespective of the indication for pneumonectomy.

Técnica de Monaldi para el tratamiento de abscesos pulmonares / Monaldi's technique for treatment of pulmonary abscesses

Los abscesos pulmonares son tratados corrientemente con antibióticos y drenaje postural. Sin embargo, algunos pacientes no resuelven con las medidas conservadoras o presentan contraindicaciones para el tratamiento quirúrgico convencional. En tales individuos, el drenaje percutáneo (técnica de Monaldi) puede ser una alternativa de valor. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la presentación de 3 pacientes a quienes se les realizó el drenaje percutáneo de abscesos pulmonares. Se describen la técnica empleada para la inserción del tubo, las complicaciones y la evolución posoperatoria de los pacientes. En los 3 casos la operación fue exitosa, sin mortalidad y con una sola complicación, que fue una fístula broncopleurocutánea que requirió una intervención (neumonectomía) ulterior. El drenaje percutáneo de los abscesos pulmonares fue seguro y efectivo en estos pacientes(AU)

The pulmonary abscesses are usually treated with antibiotics and postural drainage. However, some patients don't improve with conservative measures or have contraindications for conventional surgical treatment. The aim of present paper was the presentation of three cases underwent percutaneous drainage of pulmonary abscesses. The technique used for tube insertion, complications and postoperative course of patients were described. In such cases operation was successful without mortality and with a bronchopleural cutaneous fistula like the only complication requiring a further intervention (pneumonectomy). The percutaneous drainage of pulmonary abscesses was safe and effective in our patients(AU)

Tratamento cirúrgico das malformações pulmonares congênitas em pacientes pediátricos / Surgical treatment of congenital lung malformations in pediatric patients

OBJETIVO: Determinar as principais malformações congênitas pulmonares e os principais métodos diagnósticos utilizados, assim como as indicações de tratamento cirúrgico e os seus resultados em um serviço de referência de cirurgia torácica pediátrica. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados 52 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico anatomopatológico de malformações congênitas pulmonares e que foram submetidos à ressecção pulmonar entre janeiro de 1997 e dezembro de 2006. Os critérios de exclusão foram idade > 12 anos e dados clínicos incompletos. A amostra final foi composta de 35 pacientes. RESULTADOS: Nesta amostra, a média de idade foi de 31 meses, com predominância do sexo masculino (n = 21). Os achados anatomopatológicos foram malformação adenomatoide cística (n = 14), enfisema lobar congênito (n = 13), sequestro pulmonar (n = 8), e malformação arteriovenosa (n = 1). A ressecção mais comum foi a lobectomia inferior esquerda (25,71 por cento), seguida por diferentes tipos de segmentectomia (22,85 por cento), lobectomia superior esquerda (22,85 por cento), lobectomia superior direita (14,28 por cento), lobectomia inferior direita (8,57 por cento) e lobectomia média (5,71 por cento). Dos 35 pacientes, 34 (97,14 por cento) foram submetidos à drenagem pleural fechada, com tempo médio de permanência do dreno torácico de 3,9 dias. Dez pacientes (28,5 por cento) apresentaram complicações pós-operatórias. Não houve óbitos nesta série. CONCLUSÕES: A ressecção pulmonar para o tratamento das malformações pulmonares é um procedimento seguro, apresentando baixa morbidade e nenhuma mortalidade em um serviço de referência para doenças pulmonares.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the main congenital lung malformations treated and the principal diagnostic methods employed, as well as the indications for surgical treatment and the results obtained, at a referral facility for pediatric thoracic surgery. METHODS: We reviewed the medical charts of 52 patients anatomopathologically diagnosed with congenital lung malformations and who had been submitted to pulmonary resection between January of 1997 and December of 2006. Exclusion criteria were age > 12 years and incomplete clinical data. The final sample comprised 35 patients. RESULTS: In this sample, the mean age was 31 months, and there was a predominance of males (n = 21). The anatomopathological findings were cystic adenomatoid malformation (n = 14), congenital lobar emphysema (n = 13), pulmonary sequestration (n = 8) and arteriovenous malformation (n = 1). The most common type of lung resection was left lower lobectomy (in 25.71 percent) followed by different types of segmentectomy (in 22.85 percent), left upper lobectomy (in 22.85 percent), right upper lobectomy (in 14.28 percent), right lower lobectomy (in 8.57 percent) and middle lobectomy (in 5.71 percent). Of the 35 patients, 34 (97.14 percent) were submitted to closed pleural drainage, with a mean duration of thoracic drainage of 3.9 days. Ten patients (28.5 percent) presented with postoperative complications. There were no deaths in our sample. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary resection for the treatment of congenital lung malformations is a safe procedure, presenting low morbidity and no mortality at a referral facility for pediatric thoracic surgery.

Lobulectomía pulmonar toracoscópica: resultados iniciales en pediatría / Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy: preliminary results in pediatric patients

El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en revisar nuestra experienciainicial con el uso de la toracoscopia para la realización de resecciones pulmonares y sus complicaciones. Para ello se llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo de las historias clínicas y videos de lobulectomías pulmonares toracoscópicas de pacientes intervenidosquirúrgicamente en la Fundación Hospitalaria-Hospital Privado de Niños y en el Hospital Universitario CEMIC durante el período 04/2005 - 10/2008. Se incluyeron 11 pacientes delsexo femenino y 9 del sexo masculino. Las medianas del tiempo quirúrgico, del tiempo de permanencia del tubo de drenaje y de la estadía hospitalaria fueron de 150 minutos (intervalo:60-270 minutos), 3 días (intervalo: 2-10 días) y 15 días (intervalo: 3-29 días), respectivamente. Se concluyó finalmente que la lobulectomía pulmonar toracoscópica es una técnica factible yaplicable a todas las edades pediátricas, que debiera considerarse como alternativa de abordaje para grupos entrenados.